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Epinephrine Is Required for Normal Cardiovascular Responses to Stress in the Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Knockout Mouse.
Circulation. 2007 Aug 13;
Authors: Bao X, Lu CM, Liu F, Gu Y, Dalton ND, Zhu BQ, Foster E, Chen J, Karliner JS, Ross J, Simpson PC, Ziegler MG
BACKGROUND: -Epinephrine (EPI) is an important neurotransmitter and hormone. Its role in regulating cardiovascular function at rest and with stress is unclear, however. Methods and Results-An epinephrine-deficient mouse model was generated in which the epinephrine-synthesizing enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase was knocked out (KO). Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored by telemetry at rest and during graded treadmill exercise. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography in mice under 1 of 2 conditions: unstressed and lightly anesthetized or restrained and awake. In KO mice, resting cardiovascular function, including blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output, was the same as that in wild-type mice, and the basal norepinephrine plasma level was normal. However, inhibition of sympathetic innervation with the ganglion blocker hexamethonium caused a 54% smaller decrease in blood pressure in KO mice, and treadmill exercise caused an 11% higher increase in blood pressure, both suggesting impaired vasodilation in KO mice. Interestingly, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase KO did not change the heart rate response to ganglionic blockade and exercise. By echocardiography, KO mice had an increased ratio of left ventricular posterior wall thickness to internal dimensions but did not have cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting concentric remodeling in the KO heart. Finally, in restrained, awake KO mice, heart rate and ejection fraction remained normal, but cardiac output was significantly reduced because of diminished end-diastolic volume. Conclusion-Our data suggest that epinephrine is required for normal blood pressure and cardiac filling responses to stress but is not required for tachycardia during stress or normal cardiovascular function at rest.
PMID: 17698731 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Phenotype of a Calbindin-D9k Gene-Knockout is Compensated for by the Induction of Other Calcium-Transporter Genes in a Mouse Model.
A Phenotype of a Calbindin-D9k Gene-Knockout is Compensated for by the Induction of Other Calcium-Transporter Genes in a Mouse Model.
J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Aug 13;
Authors: Lee GS, Lee KY, Choi KC, Ryu YH, Paik SG, Oh GT, Jeung EB
Microabstract Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) may be involved in the active calcium absorption and embryo implantation. Although we generated CaBP-9k knockout (KO) mice to explore its function, no distinct phenotypes were observed in these KO mice. It can be hypothesized that TRPV5 and 6, and plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1b may play a role in the regulation of calcium transport to compensate CaBP-9k deficiency in its knockout model.
PMID: 17696760 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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